Quality Philosophy Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Quality Philosophy Evaluation Essay Concentrate Paper on Quality Philosophy Evaluation Concentrate Paper on Quality Philosophy Evaluation Edward Deming drove the quality insurgency and characterized it from the customer’s point of view. He contends that the customer’s meaning of value is the one in particular that issues (Dale van Iwaarden, 2007). He characterized quality as the degree by which the exhibition meets the desires for the client. He additionally contended that quality is the obligation of the board. Deming passed on the significance of initiative in the development of a culture of value. The rules that support his way of thinking likewise demonstrate that laborers were to be prepared and acquainted with soul of value. He contended that workers should assume a key job in the change of the association. He proposed the 14 point theory of value. 1. Make an unending drive towards progress or plan for quality in the long haul. 2. Grasp the new way of thinking and embrace quality in the entire association 3. Steady and interminable improvement 4. Associations ought not depend on reviews 5. Depend on a solitary provider for one thing so as to guarantee consistency 6. The end of the executives by goals 7. Indistinct mottos ought to be expelled 8. The obstructions which exist between divisions ought to be broken 9. The change to quality ought to be everyone’s work 10. The evacuation of obstructions which forestall pride of workmanship 11. The usage of instruction and personal development 12. Impart certainty and take out dread in work execution 13. Preparing ought to be utilized to expel varieties 14. The association ought to have quality authority Joseph Juran Joseph Juran has likewise distributed a tremendous measure of writing on the subject of value. Juran has two meanings of value. The first characterizes quality as the highlights of items that address the issues of the clients and which at that point take into consideration consumer loyalty (Juran, 2003). The subsequent definition characterizes quality as the opportunity from blunders and opportunity from inadequacies which require the re-trying of work. Juran accompanied a set of three way of thinking of value the board. This way of thinking included: * Quality improvement-this is the procedure by which starts experience advancement in quality * Quality control-this includes the identification of the contrast between genuine execution and the set objectives. * Quality arranging this includes creating procedures and items which meet the desires for the client. * The over three elements of value were viewed as a privilege of the board by Juran. Quality control characterizes the standard of measure by which quality is resolved. Juran considered specialists to be the implementers of value. Philip Crosby Philip Crosby had a zero imperfections theory on quality administration. He characterized quality just like the conformance to prerequisites. He considered zero to be as the exhibition standard. He contended that everybody ought to do things â€Å"right the first time.† Therefore, agreeing, to his way of thinking, laborers assume a crucial job in advancing quality (Oppenheim, Oppenheim Levine, 2005). Lewis Ireland He characterized quality as the totality of attributes and highlights of a help or item that empower it to meet the expressed or the suggested needs. Lewis Ireland concentrated on quality in ventures. In 1991, Lewis composed Quality Management for Projects and Programs and expressed the significance of coordinating quality in ventures (Rose, 2005). He has an undertaking the board quality way of thinking. He contended that quality arranging ought to be utilized to distinguish quality norms which are important for the undertaking. Undertaking administrators have a basic task to carry out in overseeing quality. Proposal The way of thinking upheld by Edward Deming holds more water in the momentum serious business condition. Deming sees quality as a change the board activity which is for all time existent in the strategies, frameworks and procedures. He gives the standards which ought to be trailed by the executives so as to develop a culture of value. Furthermore, his way of thinking is progressively thorough and adaptable and hence effectively applied by today’s administrators. References Dale, B. G., van Iwaarden, J. (2007). Overseeing quality. Blackwell Publishing Juran, J. M. (2003). Juran on initiative for quality. Simon and Schuster. Oppenheim, A. J., Oppenheim, R., Levine, D. M. (2005). Quality administration (pp. 75-76). McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Rose, K. (2005). Venture quality administration: why, what and how. J. Ross Publishing.

Injection Molding Essays (944 words) - Injection Molding

Infusion Molding Infusion Molding Infusion shaping is a procedure used to frame items from plastic. The procedure requires a form, clasping segment, infusion unit, and a plastic. As time has progressed so has infusion forming by growing new methods and new items to help in the assembling of the infusion formed parts. Infusion forming was utilized as ahead of schedule as the 1860's. It very well may be utilized to frame numerous various items. Regardless of whether the items are little, enormous, complex, or basic they can be delivered. Infusion shaping has gotten from metal bite the dust throwing. Nonetheless, the polymer can't simply be filled a shape, it must be constrained into the form pit. The polymer is constrained into the shape and weight is hung on it to maintain a strategic distance from shrinkage in the form depression as it cools. Infusion shaping is fit for creating an enormous number of parts with high accuracy. All thermoplastics with the exception of polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE), polyamides, and some sweet-smelling polyesters can be utilized by the infusion forming machine. A few thermosetting plastics can likewise be utilized. The run of the mill manufacture procedure should be possible by one of two unique sorts of infusion shaping hardware. Either an unclogger, or responding screw type machine can be utilized. The procedure begins by softening the polymer pitch. When the tar is dissolved, a shape is set in the cinching unit. The clipping unit is to hold the shape together. The unclogger or responding screw at that point power the polymer tar into the form. In the unclogger worked machine, the unclogger is using pressurized water worked. This powers the plastic through a warmed region, where it is then extend into a far layer by the torpedo. At that point the soften goes to the spout and is infused into the shape. The responding screw turns, this pushes the polymer tar ahead for infusion. As the screw turns it acts to soften, blend, and siphon the polymer to set it up for infusion. The responding screw machine is the most broadly utilized of the two machines. When the polymer gum is infused into the form depression, the shape is permitted to cool. The shape has a door, which cutoff points reverse and coordinates the progression of the dissolve into the form pit. When the form has cooled and the polymer has hardened the form can be expelled and the part can be launched out. When the door freezes, the screw starts to turn again and the part is shot out. This finishes the process duration. Process durations run because of the measure of time the polymer needs to fix or harden. This is known as the hold time. A few points of interest of infusion shaping are high creation rates, plan adaptability, low resiliences, can process wide scope of materials, low work, practically zero completing, and scrap is held to a base. Be that as it may, a few disservices are high startup and running costs, part should be intended for successful embellishment, exact cost forecast is troublesome, and machine cost is high. The high tooling costs originate from the molds being worked to an elevated level of accuracy. The molds are generally developed of solidified apparatus steel, and aluminum or other delicate metals while tooling life isn't an issue. Tooling expenses can extend from $5,000 to $100,000. Nonetheless, there are a few sections that can not be shaped by some other strategy for handling aside from infusion shaping. These parts regularly become plausible around 1,000 pieces. To go with the high tooling costs there are countless factors that go alongside it. Infusion forming machines may require extraordinary plant benefits that other hardware doesn't. As innovation propels so should the business to keep up creation. One way infusion forming is keeping up is by getting computerized. For the most part, administrators are setting parts into molds, and afterward taking the parts out. Presently, mechanical gadgets are being utilized to place embeds before embellishment and expel parts in the wake of trim just as a large group of other activities also. Not exclusively does the mechanical technology accelerate the procedure, yet makes it much more savvy. Another way industry is attempting to stay aware of innovation is by utilizing PC programming. The product is called ?Mold Adviser,? which is a shape plan and investigation bundle that can be utilized to help accelerate tasks while diminishing tooling costs. Utilizing the past standard activity of structuring molds an organization could without much of a stretch waste six to twelve weeks and somewhere in the range of $30,000 to $40,000 on fixing a shape that has an issue with filling effectively. The new programming

Male aggression is largely attributed to spousal abuse Essay -- Marria

Missing Tables Male animosity is generally ascribed to spousal maltreatment In all actuality some place outside the circle. - antiquated maxim The inescapability of spousal maltreatment is recognizable from culture to culture. Each culture has an its special method for managing spousal maltreatment. The way that spousal maltreatment is wild among specific social orders and is totally absent to others demonstrates that spousal maltreatment is strategically, socially, and socially decided. In any case, presence of mind legitimacy would suggest that male-predominance is the reason for spousal maltreatment. This isn't in every case valid. For example, in certain societies there is definitely not an obvious sexual orientation separation among guys and females. For those societies, the twofold sexual orientation line that exists in the Western culture doesn't concern them. Unexpectedly, this brings up the issue of whether there is a third sexual orientation. To dig into the subject of male strength as ascribed to spousal maltreatment in its completeness is past the extent of this paper; rather, our motivation here is to show how male-predominance influences spousal maltreatment by adopting the culturally diverse strategy. Maybe it is beneficial to take note of that the spouse wife relationship is certainly not a direct relationship for all social orders. There are a few social orders where females had to assume the job of the spouse. Since the spouses were typically away from their homes, the wives became 'leaders of the family.' Furthermore, the wives were permitted to beat their husbands voluntarily on the off chance that they were found of bad behavior. It totally disregards and negates the couple relationship, which penetrates the Western culture. Curiously, this inversion of sexual orientation job among a couple demonstrates that the spouse wife r... ...ery) Pearson Correlation 1.000 .032 Sig. (2-followed) . .801 N 142 63 V754 Wife-Beating Pearson Correlation .032 1.000 Sig. (2-followed) .801 . N 63 70 Synopsis: Taking everything into account, it very well may be securely settled that male hostility assumes a significant job in propelling spousal maltreatment. As showed, in each occurrence where spouse beating happens there is a high separation rate. Moreover, the importance of these discoveries show that forceful conduct is certainly not a natural reality. Quickly, it isn't something natural or intrinsic. The way that hostility isn't grounded in science recommends that it is socially and socially developed. In each general public, people figure out how to carry on through a procedure of enculturation. As observed through a case with the Nuer society, ladies in many cases assume the job of the spouses. For the westerners, this occasionally comes as a stun

Is a Case Study Method Right For You?

Is a Case Study Method Right For You?A case study method can help you come up with a strategy to help your business succeed. While there are many different methods to get into business, most people find that an actual system works best for them. You may not have heard of this particular method before, but it is one of the most valuable tools for any business. Let's take a look at what it is and how it can help you.The first benefit is that it is completely free, and that it uses your word-of-mouth to get started. Word-of-mouth is powerful and usually results in incredible results. It's free, and if it happens to work with your business, you won't have to pay anything to continue using it. If word-of-mouth isn't working, that's okay too because it's completely free to use.Another reason why the case study method is so important is because it requires very little work on your part. It only takes a short amount of time to set up and you will be able to do it on your own. That's importan t, because it's easy to get discouraged with a business and start thinking that you are alone. It takes the power of a business to motivate you and make you want to keep going and work harder.This method relies on one thing, and that is if you use it to start building, it will allow you to grow and need more. The more growth you get, the more money you will make. Case studies are not just about showing the business owner how things are done, they are also about showing the owner exactly how things should be done.Most of the time when a business owner or manager wants to get started, they don't want to spend all day taking notes. There are times when they can't remember what it is they had to do last week, or even last month. Since you can do this method right from the start, you don't need to get out of bed to write things down. What happens then is that you spend more time doing things that are important and not on everyday things.You want to focus on the daily to get a sense of ho w you can improve your business. The more you concentrate on the daily aspects of your business, the more improvements you will be able to make. It really doesn't matter what you choose to do, as long as you keep your eyes on the big picture.Your goal is to grow and get as much of your profits as possible. It is not only about increasing your income, but about how you are able to grow your income. You want to be able to reach more of your goals. It's that simple.

Wilderness And Expedition Medicine The Wilderness Medicine

Wilderness and expedition medicine has been in practice for thousands and thousands of years dating all the way back to ancient Greece. However origins of modern day wilderness medicine date back to 1983 when the Wilderness Medicine Society was founded by three doctors; Dr. Greer, Dr. Kizer, and Dr. Auerbach 1 establishing the first organized group to pursue wilderness medicine with an intent to advance wilderness medicine as a whole, administration of wilderness health care, and the education those interested in pursuing this subspecialty. Data from the U.S. National parks services has indicated that the most common types of injuries to be seen and treated by wilderness medical professionals are soft tissue injuries resultant from†¦show more content†¦The limitation is that, while other research is very recent and still within the 5 year time frame, some research has not been done as recently due to lack of funding or the fact that most of the wilderness medicine societ y has accepted the conclusions of a previous study to be valid. The purpose of this paper will be to educate all outdoors enthusiasts that would seek every advantage in proper preparation for exploration of the wilderness around them by doing three things. First, this presentation will give a detailed list of how to best prepare for each environment a person might choose to explore, with a specific list of what medical supplies would typically be needed to ensure a safe trip. Second, it will present the common medical situations that can and have arisen in the most regularly explored environments. Thirdly, it will present a medical plan of action based on well-researched information that will show gold standards of treatment, a step-by-step treatment strategy, and evacuation strategy after stabilization of the patient. This project is written and composed in great detail for one specific population, wilderness and expedition medical providers or provider who choose to participate in said environments that wish to gain a need for basic wilderness medical knowledge. The specific target population for this presentation will be the PA students ofShow MoreRelatedWilderness Medical Journal, Journal Of Wilderness And Environmental Medicine774 Words   |  4 Pagesliterature review on Cochrane and PubMed databases and reputable journal article databases such as Wilderness Medical Journal, Journal of Emergency Medicine, Journal of American Medical Association, Journal of Wilderness and Environmental Medicine. Key words used were as follows wilderness medicine, hypothermia treatment, hyperthermia treatment, HACE/HAPE treatment, Altitude sickness, chest trauma wilderness treatment, tension pneumothorax, pleural effusion, avalanche burial, frostbite management, respiratoryRead MoreNew Found Land By Allan Wolf 1221 Words   |  5 Pagesstriking poetic features and fictional characters to recreate Lewis and Clark s expedition across the continent. There mission, find the fabled Northwest passage to the pacific ocean, this group of courageous Americans may never come back. Through his use of Historical and fictional characters, Wolf was able to showcase the different viewpoints of Lewis and Clark s crew. One of the key characters that led the expedition to success was Meriwether Lewis. I chose to look up his last name due to the factRead MoreInto the Wild Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages they must refrain all judgments. In the nonfiction work Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, many readers have harshly judged the main character, Chris McCandless, as stupid and thoughtless for his dangerous and ultimately fatal adventure in the raw wilderness of Alaska; many have even said he had been suicidal. The author attempts to display Chris as a human being with meaningful intentions and emotional yearni ng rather than just a stereotypical, reckless vagabond by using his own story as a similarRead MoreLove for a Grandson in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty790 Words   |  3 Pagesstrength of a grandmother for her grandson. The protagonist, Phoenix Jackson, shows love, determination and self-sacrifice as she faces several obstacles while traveling by foot in the cold through the wilderness. She travels this path frequently, as the title suggests, to the city to get medicine needed for her grandson. Phoenix’s willpower to continue on her path through every hindrance that she faces is commendable. 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They accomplished this expedition with strenuous encounters with the Native AmericansRead MoreThe Success Of The Lewis And Clark Expedition1810 Words   |  8 Pageshistorical figure, though not many knew of her contributions. She was a Shoshone Indian who worked as an interpreter, guide, and peacemaker for the Lewis and Clark expedition. Through these essential roles, she became a vital part of the journey to find territory. The efforts of Sacagawea lead to the success of the Lewis and Clark expedition which greatly impacted the expansion and advancement of America. The early life of Sacagawea became preparation for an important time to come. Her childhoodRead MoreThe Expeditions Of The Expedition2406 Words   |  10 Pagesalmost always been associated with excellence and adventure. Their expedition westward in search of a water passageway across the country has become etched into the annals of history as one of the earliest and greatest examples of American nationalism and survives not only as a compelling story, but also as a piece of living, breathing history. However, upon examining the expedition, several prudent questions arise: Could the expedition truly have known what awaited them out west? Was meeting the nowRead More Altitude Safety Essay3794 Words   |  16 Pagesaltitude. This lasts for up to 12 hours outside of the bag, which should be enough time to travel to a lower altitude and allow for further acclimatization. The bag and pump weigh about 14 pounds and are now carried on most major high altitude expeditions. The Gamow bag i s particularly important where the possibility of immediate descent is not feasible. OTHER ALTITUDE-INDUCED ILLNESS There are two other sever forms of altitude illness. Both of these happen less frequently, especially to those

Micro Economics Energy Industry - 1327 Words

MICRO ECONOMICS: ENERGY INDUSTRY By (Student’s Name) Professor’s Name College Course Date MICRO ECONOMICS: ENERGY INDUSTRY Introduction The topic chosen for this discussion is the micro economic especially Australian Energy Industry. It is acknowledged that this industry needs urgent policy reformation in regards to climate and energy. To achieve the reformation, four areas have been earmarked: supply reliability, price control and adequate demand and fixing COAG Energy Council (Pears 2017). Article Discussion Industry Discussion The main focus on the article relates to how long-festering energy policy challenges can be addressed in 2017. The article recognizes the Australia Energy Industry operates on†¦show more content†¦2017). The body that makes decision (COAG Energy Council) of state and federal energy as well as minister for resources, have officially acknowledged the essential linkage amid climate and energy policy. The world’s governments have as well as brokered the Paris climate agreements with the Australia whereby it was promised that emissions would be cut to 26-and 28% beneath 2005 by the year 2030. Nevertheless, such a need for transformation wholesomely evolved at a time where the policy structures of Australia are already battling to uphold the affordable along with reliable electricity delivery, following the lost momentum of 1990s reforms in 2000s. It has well evolved at the lapse of a 3-year duration whereby the Coalition government’s undertakings to speak to such challenges triggered unassertive advancement at best. The carbon price has been repealed, Renewable Energy Target has been wound and Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) has been established by the administration of Tony Abbott. The above reforms have contracted for over 100 million tonnes of Carbon (IV) Oxide emissions reductions below than ASD$14 a tonne. Nevertheless, such reforms sidestepped greatly the reforms required to speak to the evolving energy patterns/trends like low growth demand, increased distributed wind power productions, domesticShow MoreRelatedStochastic Grinding Process Development For Metal Bonded Diamond Grinding Wheel1064 Words   |  5 Pagesprocess development for metal bonded diamond grinding wheels through patterned grinding wheel by utilizing micro EDM comprises four main investigation on: (1) material removal mechanism considering interaction between diamond grains, workpiece, metal bond and electrical spark, (2) effective pattern geometry design for effective material removal and grinding performance, (3) application of micro EDM to create the pattern on the metal bonded grinding wheel, (4) analysing the grinding performance onRead MoreMicro Marketing And Macro Marketing1510 Words   |  7 PagesMicro-Marketing and Macro-marketing have to completely different meanings. 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In the 1930s, numerous synthetic composite technological breakthroughs were born. â€Å"In 1935, Owens Corning launched the fiber reinforce polymer (FRP) industry by introducing the first fiber glass. In 1936, unsaturated polyester resins were patented. Because of their curing properties, they would become the dominant choice for resins in manufacturing today. In 1938, other higher performance resin systemsRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Corporation1518 Words   |  7 Pagestakes into account both equipment and labor. The tax credit amounts to a 30% credit for solar, fuel cells, small wind and various other PTC-eligible technologies, and a 10% credit for geothermal, micro-turbines, and Combined Heat and Power (CHP). Unlike the PTC, the ITC has a time commitment of only five years, and the tax credit is realized the same year the project begins operation. Ownership transfers are permitted, but if a project owner sells its assets before the end of the five-year periodRead MoreSwot An alysis Of Gazprom784 Words   |  4 Pagesmarketing. Gazprom generally operates in Russian market and delivers its products to Central Asia and Europe. Gazprom operates in the next segments: production of gas and crude oil; transportation; storage; distribution; refining; electric and heat energy generation and sales; and other (Market Line). The activities related to the improvement of the company s oil reserves are centralized within Gazprom Neft and are primarily taking place in the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Areas, Omsk

A Case Study of Kitchen Refurbishment by Carillion FM Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Kitchen Refurbishment by Carllion FM. Answer: Assumptions for the project This project is focused on the refurbishment of kitchen of a property to a modern standard and redecorating the interiors. Carillion FM has undertaken this project after the site visit and assessment of the existing structure, finishing and services. However, some assumptions have been made to ensure success of the project as listed below: The materials that will be procured for required installation and repairing must be of high quality. The design of the project must be compatible in context to architectural point of view. The remodeling of kitchen must be done such that it meets the construction, codes and standards for fire and safety. There must be access to drainage so that servicing and installations of updated systems can be carried out efficiently. The completion of the project will ensure that the property can be used for accommodation of family. Programme for the project in Microsoft project Timeline for the project WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Resource Names 0 Refurbishment of kitchen to a modern standard 107 days Mon 1/23/17 Tue 6/20/17 1 Project Startup 1 day Tue 4/4/17 Tue 4/4/17 Project Manager 2 Demolishing and Fabrication works 55 days Wed 4/5/17 Tue 6/20/17 2.1 Removal of lathe, plaster wall and ceiling 7 days Wed 4/5/17 Thu 4/13/17 1 General Trades for demolition and cleaning 2.2 Plastering and lining up ceiling with plasterboard and skimmed 5 days Fri 4/14/17 Thu 4/20/17 3 Plasterer 2.3 New partition with 75mm timber stud wall having both sides plasterboard 4 days Fri 4/21/17 Wed 4/26/17 4 Plasterer 2.4 Trimming of study ceiling 3 days Thu 4/27/17 Mon 5/1/17 5 General Trades for demolition and cleaning 2.5 Installation of new study door 2 days Tue 5/2/17 Wed 5/3/17 6 Decorator 2.6 Floor Layout 14 days Thu 5/4/17 Tue 5/23/17 2.6.1 Floor covering with Karndean vinyl tiles 3 days Thu 5/4/17 Mon 5/8/17 7 Floor Layer 2.6.2 Two coats of protective varnish on tiles 2 days Thu 5/18/17 Fri 5/19/17 9FS+7 days Floor Layer 2.6.3 Laying of 12mm plywood over the whole kitchen area 2 days Mon 5/22/17 Tue 5/23/17 10 Floor Layer 2.7 Fitting of new skirting boards in kitchen 3 days Wed 5/24/17 Fri 5/26/17 11 Floor Layer 2.8 Trimming and refixing of skirting boards in study 1 day Mon 5/29/17 Mon 5/29/17 12 Floor Layer 2.9 2 coats emulsion paint on walls and ceiling of both kitchen and study 2 days Tue 5/30/17 Wed 5/31/17 13 Floor Layer, Plasterer 2.10 Gloss painting in skirting boards, door frames, doors and window boards 2 days Thu 6/1/17 Fri 6/2/17 14 Plasterer 2.11 Fitting of ceramic tiles on back wall of sink and cooker 2 days Mon 6/5/17 Tue 6/6/17 15 Floor Layer 2.12 Application of new ceiling coving to the kitchen and study 3 days Wed 6/7/17 Fri 6/9/17 16 Plasterer 2.13 Fittings of lighting in kitchen and study 1 day Mon 6/12/17 Mon 6/12/17 17 Electrician 2.14 Redecorating interior of the house 3 days Tue 6/13/17 Thu 6/15/17 18 Decorator 2.15 2 coats emulsion to walls and ceilings, gloss paint doors and other woodwork 2 days Fri 6/16/17 Mon 6/19/17 19 Decorator 2.16 Final cleaning 1 day Tue 6/20/17 Tue 6/20/17 20 General Trades for demolition and cleaning 3 Installation works 55 days Mon 1/23/17 Fri 4/7/17 3.1 Delivery of components to the site 1 day Fri 3/31/17 Sat 4/1/17 27SF-3 edays Carpenter, Project Manager 3.2 Marking up the locations of various points 1 day Mon 3/13/17 Tue 3/14/17 27SF-3 ewks Fitter 3.3 Confirmation on installation of points in correct locations 1 day Mon 3/27/17 Tue 3/28/17 27SF-1 ewk Company Fitter 3.4 Sign-off by kitchen company before installation date 1 day Mon 1/23/17 Tue 1/24/17 27SF-10 ewks Company Fitter 3.5 Begin installation 4 days Tue 4/4/17 Fri 4/7/17 Company Fitter, Fitter, Gas Engineer, Plumber 4 Notification to tenants 1 day Mon 4/10/17 Mon 4/10/17 27 Project Manager 5 Moving in to the accommodation 1 day Tue 4/11/17 Tue 4/11/17 28 Project Manager 6 Project Closeout 0 days Tue 4/11/17 Tue 4/11/17 29 Project Manager Cost for resources Resource Name Type Initials Max. Units Std. Rate Accrue At Base Calendar Decorator Work DC 200% $45.00/hr Prorated Standard Electrician Work EC 200% $35.00/hr Prorated Standard Plumber Work PB 200% $30.00/hr Prorated Standard Gas Engineer Work GE 100% $40.00/hr Prorated Standard Carpenter Work CP 100% $30.00/hr Prorated Standard Plasterer Work PL 100% $35.00/hr Prorated Standard General Trades for demolition and cleaning Work GTC 200% $25.00/hr Prorated Standard Floor Layer Work FL 100% $30.00/hr Prorated Standard Bibliography Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Heagney, J., 2016.Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Hill, G.M., 2013.The complete project management office handbook. CRC Press. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Lock, M.D., 2014.The essentials of project management. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016.Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.202-217. Newton, R., 2016.Project management step by step: how to plan and manage a highly successful project. Pearson UK. Too, E.G. and Weaver, P., 2014. The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1382-1394. Turner, R., 2016.Gower handbook of project management. Routledge.

Performing for the World free essay sample

The stale smell of old tile floors and piano keys stung my nose. It was that old dusty smell that usually conjures up memories of Grandpa’s seasoned button down sweater, or the unkempt attic stored with keepsakes and memories from Christmas past. The large barred windows with paint chipping encased the beauty that is a Manhattan street from 10 stories high. Early morning beams of light cast upon the only things surrounding me; an over-enthusiastic conductor, music barely learned, and 500 other singers. It was our last rehearsal and our concert at Carnegie Hall was that night. I was on a trip with the Los Robles Children’s Choir; we were performing in a classical concert titled â€Å"Mozart’s Solemn Vespers and Treble Chorus Works†. Though I had the comfort and security of familiar faces from the choir, I felt as overwhelmed and lost as I ever have. The rehearsal continued as I artfully dodged potential paper cuts from music passing in and out of my hands a s we tried in earnest to get through the repertoire for the night. We will write a custom essay sample on Performing for the World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rehearsal ended with the sound of scuffling shoes down the stairs as I left the stale smell of the Civic Center room for the last time. Passing doors, my journey down the 10 flights of stairs was filled with the faint tinkling of ballet music and laughter. We had two hours of free time before we had to start getting ready for our concert. I walked down the street experiencing a sensory overload. The tall buildings made the streets dark; the odd smell from the blend of car exhaust and food carts teased my nostrils; the loud honks coming from the long lines of bright yellow taxis. The dissonant cords from Gershwin’s â€Å"Rhapsody in Blue† played through my head as I scanned the melting pot that was â€Å"The Big Apple†. I had reached my destination. I decided that with my free time I would visit Carnegie hall and look around inside too see what this place is all about. Opening the door I was invited with a friendly gust of air conditioning; a nice alternative to the humid summer air. The empty lobby and the faint whir of a vacuum contributed to the free and adventurous feeling I possessed when I wore my artist’s badge. This feeling took hold of me as I explored the hallways of Carnegie hall and came upon that familiar stale smell from hours before. I found the Carnegie hall visitors museum and decided that I would explore its contents before the big night ensued. Between old conductor batons and the original floor plans by Andrew Carnegie, I came upon â€Å"The List†. The list consists of everyone performance and performer who had the honor the grace the Stern Auditorium/Perelman stage. My eyes scanned the list to see that my name may soon grace the company of Judy Garland, Tchaikovsky, and Louis Armstrong. I soon became fascinated with that long people of paper in cased on the wall. It was humbling and inspiring looking at that list. My own accomplishments seemed irrelevant when compared to their own. Though at the same t ime I saw that my potential was nothing less than theirs at that point in my life and to the best of my capacity, I would leave my own mark on the world, as did they. This moment fostered the ambition and passion that has driven every activity that I now pursue. I walked hurriedly through the colorful streets of Manhattan to get back to 55th and 7th to get into my concert attire, and make my way towards the artist’s entrance. With binder in my upstage hand as made my way to the edge of the stage door, I realized that though anxiety and nervousness churned my stomach, I needed to get past that feeling and step out onto the stage. As my old right tattered character shoe stepped out onto the floor, making its debut to the audience that filled the seats, the left met up with it, ready to make its debut to the audience that would soon be the pallet that holds my experience, ambitions, and life.

Applications of Data Mining Techniques in Airline Industry Essays

Applications of Data Mining Techniques in Airline Industry Essays Applications of Data Mining Techniques in Airline Industry Essay Applications of Data Mining Techniques in Airline Industry Essay Purpose and Scope All around the universe, the air hose industry could be described in few words, which is intensely competitory and dynamic . The air hose industry generates one million millions of dollars every twelvemonth but still has a cumulative net income border of less than 1 % 1. Many Airlines are seeking to retrieve from deep debt. The grounds for these are multifold- fuel monetary values, high cyclicality and seasonality, ferocious competition, high fixed costs and many other issues related to security and riders safety. To guarantee for the best economic result, Airline companies are seeking with their most originative plus information. Datas used in concurrence with informations mining techniques allows comprehensive intelligent direction and decision-making system. Achieving these benefits in a timely and intelligent mode may assist in ensuing lower operating costs, better client service, market fight, increased net income border and stockholder value addition. This intent of this paper is to show the applications of informations mining techniques on multiple facets of air hose concern. For illustration, to foretell the figure of domestic and international air hose riders from a specific city/airport, to dynamically monetary value the tickets depending on seasonality and demand, to research the frequent circular database to fix for CRM execution, to makes the operational determinations about catering, forces, and gate traffic flow, to help the security bureaus for secure and safe flights for the rider specially after 9/11 incident. Predict the Number of Passenger by using Data Mining Technique Prediction is critical to any concern for planning and gross direction, particularly in the Airline industry, where a batch of planning is required to buy/lease new aircrafts, to engage crew members, to happen the new slots in busy airdromes and to acquire the blessings from many air power governments. In the instance of Air travel, batch of seasonality and cyclicality involved. Passengers are more likely to wing to some finishs based on the clip of the twelvemonth. Business travellers are likely to go weekdays than weekends. Early forenoon and eventide flights are desired by concern travellers who want to carry through a twenty-four hours s work at their finish and return the same twenty-four hours. To calculate the figure of rider, unreal nervous web ( ANN ) can be used. The intent of a nervous web is to larn to acknowledge forms in a given informations. Once the nervous web has been trained on samples of the given informations, it can do anticipations by observing similar forms in future informations. The growing factors which might act upon the air travel demand depend on several things. Mauro Calvano2 in his survey of conveyance Canada air power prognosis 2002-2016 considered 12 major socio-economic factors as follows: GDP Personal Disposable income Adult Populations US economic Mentality Airline Yield Fleet/route structure/Average Aircraft Size Passenger Load factors Labor cost and productiveness Fuel cost/Fuel efficiency Airline cost other than Fuel and Labor Passenger Traffic Allocation Assumptions New engineering Factors 1 to 5 are related demand side of the prognosis Factors 6 to 10 are related to operations and supply side Factors 10 and 11 represent the structural alterations This historical information is called the appraisal set. A fraction of the overall available information is reserved for formalizing the truth of the developed prognosis theoretical account. This reserved information set is called the prediction set because no information contained in it is used in any signifier during the development of the prognosis theoretical account. The information in the prediction set are used for proving the true extrapolative belongingss of the developed prognosis theoretical account. The appraisal set is farther divided into a preparation set and a testing set. Information in the preparation set is used straight for the finding of the prognosis theoretical account, whereas information in the testing set is used indirectly for the same intent. Figure1: Forecasting Process Model For a given ANN architecture and a preparation set, the basic mechanism behind most supervised acquisition regulations is the updating of the weights and the prejudice footings, until the mean squared mistake ( MSE ) between the end product predicted by the web and the desired end product ( the mark ) is less than a pre-specified tolerance. Nervous webs are can be represented as beds of functional nodes. The most general signifier of a nervous web theoretical account used in prediction can be written as: Y = F [ H1 ( x ) , H2 ( x ) , aˆÂ ¦ . , Hn ( x ) ] + U Where, Y is a dependant or end product variable, Ten is a set of input/ influencing variables, F A ; H s are web maps, and U is a theoretical account mistake. This input bed is connected to a concealed bed. Hs are the concealed bed nodes and represents different nonlinear maps. Each node in a bed receives its input from the predating bed through nexus which has weights assigned, which get adjusted utilizing an appropriate acquisition algorithm and the information contained in the preparation set. Figure2: ANN Architecture Abdullah Omer BaFail3 did the survey to calculate the figure of air hose rider in Saudi Arabia. He selected the most influencing factors to calculate the figure of domestic riders in the different metropoliss of Saudi Arabia. For Dhahran he selected factors like: Oil gross domestic merchandise for last 6 old ages, private non-oil gross domestic merchandise, Import of goods and services for last 10 old ages, and population size for last 2 old ages. The domestic and international existent and forecasted figure of riders for the metropolis of Dhahran for the old ages 1993 through 1998 is shown below. Prognosiss underestimated the existent travel. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error ( MAPE ) for domestic travel is about 10 % , while for international travel is about 3 % . Figure3: Forecasting consequences from Abdullah Omer BaFail3 The take away from the Abdullah Omer BaFail3 for me is that the efficient prediction theoretical account can be invented utilizing ANN if we utilizing the right influencing indexs. In this survey some indexs which influence are oil gross domestic merchandise and per capita income in the domestic and international sectors. In position of the fluctuating nature of the rider use of air hose services in Saudi Arabia, certain suggestions were made. Most of these recommendations were in order to better the flexibleness of the system to the fluctuations in demand and supply. Hub and spike theoretical account was besides suggested as solutions in certain sectors to increase the flexibleness in seting their capacity allotments across markets as new information about demand conditions become available. Application of Data Mining technique to foretell the Airline Passengers No-show Ratess Airlines overbook the flights based on the outlook that some per centum of engaged riders will non demo for each flight. Accurate prognosiss of the expected figure of no-shows for each flight can increase air hose gross by cut downing the figure of perishable seats ( empty seats that might otherwise hold been sold ) and the figure of nonvoluntary denied embarkation s at the going gate. Typically, the simplest manner is to travel for mean no-show rates of historically similar flights, without the usage of passenger-specific information. Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 in their research paper predicted the no-show rates utilizing specific information on the single riders booked on each flight. The Airlines offer multiple menus in different booking category. The figure of seats allocated to each booking category is driven by demand for each category, such that gross is maximized. For illustration, few seats can be kept on clasp for the last-minute travellers with high menus and figure of seats sold in lower-fare categories earlier in the engagement procedure. Footings and conditions of cancellation and no-show besides vary in each category. The no-shows consequences in lost gross if the flight departs with empty seats that might otherwise hold been sold. Near accurate prognosiss of the expected figure of no-shows for each flight are really much desirable because the under-prediction of no-shows leads to loss of possible gross from empty seats, while over-prediction can bring forth a important cost punishment associated with denied embarkations at the going gate and besides make client dissatisfaction. In the simplest theoretical account, the overbooking bound is taken as the capacity plus the estimated figure of no-shows. Engagements are offered up to this degree. No-shows Numberss are predicted utilizing time-series methods such as taking the seasonally leaden traveling norm of no-shows for old cases of the same flight. Figure4: No-show tendency over yearss to departure Beginning: Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 The simple theoretical account does non take history of specific features of the riders. Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 in his survey used categorization method, likewise Kalka and Weber5 at Lufthansa used initiation trees to calculate passenger-level no-show chances, and compared their truth with conventional, historical-based methods. I tried to sum up Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 attack and consequences briefly below. Whenever a ticket is booked the Passenger Name Records ( PNRs ) is generated and all the rider information is recorded. The PNR information includes, for each rider, particulars of all flights in the path, the engagement category, and rider specific information such as frequent-flier rank, fining position, and the agent or channel through which the engagement originated. Each PNR is besides specified whether the rider was a no-show for the specified flight. In the simplest theoretical account the average no-show rate over a group of similar historical flights is computed. The mean in bend used to foretell the figure of no-shows over all engagement categories. The passenger-level theoretical account given by can be implemented utilizing any categorization method capable of bring forthing the normalized chances. The PNR records are partitioned into sections, and separate prognostic theoretical accounts are developed for each section. In the passenger-level mold we characterize each utilizing the PNR inside informations. Let Xi ; one = 1aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..I denote I characteristics associated with each rider. Uniting all characteristics yields the characteristic vector Ten = [ X1aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦Xi ] Each rider, n = 1aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.N, booked on flight m is represented by the vector of characteristic values xmn = [ xmn, 1aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ xmn, iaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. xmn, I ] We know the predicted no-show rate from the historical theoretical account ; it is assumed the rider inherits the no-show rate. The rider degree prognostic theoretical account is so stated as follows: given a set of category labels cmn a set of characteristic vectors xmn and a cabin degree historical anticipation A µmhist predict the end product category of rider N on flight m: P ( C = cmn | A µmhist, X= xmn ) We are specifically interested in the no-show chance, cmn = NS, and compose this chance in the simplified signifier P ( NS | A µmhist, xmn ) The figure of no-shows in the cabin is estimated as a?‘ P ( NS | A µmhist, xmn ) The summing of chances for each rider in the cabin, gives no-show rate for the cabin. An correspondent attack can besides be used to foretell no-show rates at the fare-class degree. Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 comparison consequences computed utilizing the historical, passenger-level, and cabin-level theoretical accounts. The theoretical accounts were built utilizing about 880,000 PNRs booked on 10,931 flights, and evaluated against 374,900 PNRs booked on 4088 flights. The figure shows a conventional lift curve computed utilizing the three different executions of the passenger-level theoretical account. Figure 5: Addition Charts Beginning: Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 Each point on the lift curve shows the fraction of existent no-shows observed in a sample of PNRs selected in order of diminishing no-show chance. The diagonal line shows the baseline instance in which it is assumed that the chances are drawn from a random distribution. The three executions of the passenger-level theoretical account place about 52 % of the existent no-shows in the first 10 % of the sorted PNRs. This is one of the manner the Airlines can integrate informations excavation theoretical accounts integrating specific information on single riders can bring forth more accurate anticipations of no-show rates than conventional, historical based, statistical methods. Application of Data Mining technique to Strategies Customer Relationship Management In the current clip most of the industries utilizing frequence selling plans as a scheme for retaining client trueness in the signifier of points, stat mis, dollars, beans and so on. Airlines are a large fan of this Kingfishers Kingmiles, Jet Airways Jet Privilege, American Airlines AAdvantage, Japan Airlines Mileage Bank, KrisFlyer Miles etc. they all seemed to hold carved their ain individualities. Frequent Flyer Program presents an priceless chance to garner client information. It helps to understand the behavioral forms, unveil new chances, client acquisition and keeping chances. This helps Airlines to place the most valuable and the appropriate schemes to utilize in developing one-to-one relationships with these clients. The aim of informations mining application over the frequent circular client informations could be many, but ideally it is as follows: Customer cleavage Customer satisfaction analysis Customer activity analysis Customer keeping analysis Some of the illustrations in each class are: Classify the clients into groups based on sectors most often flown, category, period of twelvemonth, clip of the twenty-four hours, intent of the trip. Which types of clients are more valuable? Do most valuable clients receive the value for money? What are the properties and features of the most valuable client sections? What type of run is appropriate for best usage of resources? What are the chances to up-selling and cross-selling, for illustration hotel engagement, ascent to following category, recognition card, etc. Design bundles or grouping of services Customer acquisition. Yoon6 designed a database cognition find procedure dwelling of five stairss: choosing application sphere, mark informations choice, pre-processing informations, pull outing cognition, and reading and rating. This survey refers to the Yoon procedure to cover with three excavation stages, including the pre-process, data-mining, and reading stages for air hoses, as illustrated in figure below. Figure 6: database cognition find procedure Beginning: Yoon6 Some straightforward solution can be implemented that can besides be scaled-up in future like K-means, Kohonen self-organizing webs and categorization trees. In the instance of K-means algorithm, it is applied on client informations, delegating each to the closest bing bunch centre. The K- means theoretical account is run with different bunch figure until K-means bunchs are good separated. In the instance of categorization trees ( C5.0 ) , we derive a simple regulation set to unambiguously sort the complete database. Again, we have to bring forth the properties, ensuing from the sequence of flight sections. The truth of the prognosis for each section is provided by equilibrating the preparation set harmonizing to every bit sized bunchs. We regulate the figure of subsequent regulations, while finding a minimum Numberss of records given within each subgroup. Maalouf and Mansour7 did the survey based on 1,322,409 client activities minutess and 79,782 riders for a period of 6 old ages. They prepared Data based on Z-Score Normalization and ran the multiple questions and transformed the informations to make the bunch input records. They used K-means and O-Cluster algorithms. The consequence generated by constellating provides client cleavage with regard to of import dimensions of clients demands and value. The tabular array below is the consequence is a sum-up of the profile produced by k-means constellating that includes: gross milage, figure of services used, and client rank period. Figure 7: Clustering consequence on Airline Customer Data Beginning: Maalouf and Mansour7 The consequences generated by k-means constellating are used as a footing for the association regulations algorithm. Two different scenarios have been applied. The first scenario is based on Financial , Flight , and Hotel activities with 1,896 records. The 2nd scenario is based on the flight activities particularly the sectors, with 1,867 records. Figure 8: Association regulations for best client activities Beginning: Maalouf and Mansour7 Some of the take manner from Meatloaf and Mansour7 survey. Clustering utilizing k-means algorithm generated 9 different bunchs with specific profile for each one. From the bunch analysis it can be found which are the best client bunchs ( higher milage per rider ) than other bunchs. Necessitate a keeping scheme for these bunchs. Cross Selling schemes can be formulated between the bunchs ( for illustration between: 15 and 11 ; 13 and 17 because they are close in services value. The bunch analysis provides an chance for the air hose to bring forth more gross from a client. For illustration, the air hose could use an up-selling scheme by selling a higher menu place depending on the bunchs. From the bunch analysis Airline may follow an enhanced scheme for clients in bunchs in order to increase services usage and gross milage per rider. Plan for marketing run or particular offers by analysis through association regulations, for illustration, the clients utilizing the Flight and Financial services neer use the Hotel Services and the clients utilizing the Flight and Hotel services neer use the Financial Services. By analysing the services used in different bunchs, Airline can qualify services integrating. It enables the air hose to function a client the manner the client wants to be served. Application of Data Mining Application technique to understand the Impacts of Severe Weather Severe conditions has major impacts on the air traffic and flight holds. Appropriate proactive schemes for different severe-weather yearss may ensue in betterment of holds and cancellations. Therefore, understanding en-route conditions impacts on flight public presentation is an of import measure for bettering flight public presentation. Zohreh and Jianping8 in their survey proposed a model for informations mining attack to analysis of conditions impacts on Airspace system public presentation. This attack consists of three stages: informations readying, characteristic extraction, and informations excavation. The information readying stage includes the usual procedure of choice of informations beginnings, informations integrating, and informations data format. Figure 9: Model proposed by Zohreh and Jianping8 He used three informations beginnings: Airline Service Quality Performance ( ASQP ) , Enhanced Traffic Management System ( ETMS ) , and National Convective Weather Forecast ( NCWF ) supplied by National Center for Atmospheric Research. He used NCWF informations from April through September 2000 to stand for the terrible conditions season. These data-sets included the scheduled and existent going and arrival times of each flight of 10 coverage air hoses, tail figure, wheels off/on times, cab times, cancellation and recreation information, planned going and arrival times, existent going and arrival times, planned flight paths, existent flight paths, and cancellations, flight frequences between two airdromes, intended flight paths between two airdromes, flight holds, flight cancellations, and flight recreations. The image cleavage stage resulted in a set of severe-weather parts. Then for each of these parts, a set of conditions characteristics and a set of air traffic characteristics are extracted. A twenty-four hours is described by a set of severe-weather parts, each holding a figure of conditions and traffic characteristics. As a consequence of this survey it was found that there is strong correlativity of out of use flights, # of bad conditions parts, bad conditions airdromes, blocked distance, bad conditions longitude, by base on balls distance, bad conditions latitude, # of bad conditions pels with flight public presentation. Similarly the bunch algorithms ( like K-means ) can be applied. The outlook is that the same bunchs have similar conditions impacts on flight public presentation. Zohreh and Jianping8 generated bunchs for the full air space It was found that a bunch with worse conditions about ever had bad public presentation. The bunchs with big per centum of out of use flights, beltway distance, and blocked distance had a worse public presentation. These consequences were promising and showed that yearss in a bunch have similar conditions impacts on flight public presentation Other informations excavation attack which can be applied is Classifications. Application of Classification can assist us detect the patterns/rules that have important impact on the flight public presentation. Discovered regulations may be used to foretell if a twenty-four hours is a good or a bad public presentation twenty-four hours based on its conditions. For illustration Rule for Good: if % BlockedFlights lt ; = xxx and BypassDistance lt ; = yyy so Good ( n, prob ) There can be different ways where we can use informations mining attack to analysis of upwind impact on air hose public presentation. It seems to be that consequences obtained from constellating and categorizations were really meaningful for air hose and riders to be after in front. Application of Data Mining techniques to guarantee safety and security of Airlines rider The reaction of the terrorist onslaught on 26/9 and 11/9 end point in addition Security at airdromes: It ends up leting merely ticketed riders past the security Gatess, screen carry-on baggage more carefully for possible arms. The inquiry is whether these stairss could hold avoided the onslaughts, the people involved in the onslaught had legitimate tickets, and transporting box cutters and razor blades ( like in any other normal individual would make ) . The uncommon was the combination of their features, like none were U.S. citizens, all had lived in the U.S. for some period of clip, all had connexions to a peculiar foreign state, all had purchased one-way tickets at the gate with hard currency. With the sum of informations available about the rider during fining, the can be reviewed to qualify relevant available rider information. Give a rider s name, reference, and a contact phone figure, assorted informations bases ( public or private ) can place the societal security figure ( SSN ) , from which much information will be readily available ( recognition history, constabulary record, instruction, employment, age, gender, etc. ) . Since there is big figure of features available on both single riders, it will be of import to placing signals within the natural variableness or noise . If predicted incorrectly, this may take to either falsely confining an guiltless rider or neglecting to confine a plane that carries a terrorist. The air hoses already collect much informations on assorted flights. When the informations come in the signifier of multiple features on a individual point, exploratory tools for multivariate informations can be applied, such as categorization, arrested development trees, multivariate adaptative arrested development splines/trees. The security of the air transit can be improved well through modern, intelligent usage of pattern acknowledgment techniques applied to big linked databases. Similarly Data excavation techniques can be used for the Safety of the rider. An air safety office plays a cardinal function in guaranting that an air power organisation operates in a safe mode. Currently, Aviation Safety offices collect and analyze the incident studies by a combination of manual and machine-controlled methods.. Data analysis is done by safety officers who are really familiar with the sphere. With Data mining one can happen interesting and utile information hidden in the informations that might non be found by merely tracking and questioning the information, or even by utilizing more sophisticated question and coverage tools. In a survey done by Zohreh Nazeri, Eric Bloedorn, Paul Ostwald10 it was found that happening associations and distribution forms in the informations, conveying of import interior. The other determination is Associating the incident studies to other beginnings of safety related informations, such as aircraft care and conditions informations, could assist happening better causal relationships. SumMRry Business Intelligence through efficient and appropriate Data excavation application can be really utile in the Airline industry. The Appropriate action programs from the information excavation analysis can ensue in improved client service, aid bring forthing considerable fiscal lift and set the hereafter scheme.

Are GMOs helpful or harmful Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Are GMOs helpful or harmful - Essay Example This has resulted in many scientists coming up with the ways of increasing productivity of the already existing land. In fact, some ways of growing GMO include irrigation of arid areas and use of fertilizers. On top of that, there have been efforts to reclaim land from the seas and oceans. For example, dykes constructed in Netherlands for creation of more land necessary for horticulture farming. Despite the above suggestions, there has been starvation in some countries when they are strike by drought like in Zimbabwe and Zambia. Therefore, scientists have come up with the idea of growing crops that are genetically modified. The idea has been met with a lot of criticism despite being seen as the only viable solution to hunger elimination. GMOs can be either harmful or helpful according to various arguments and perspectives. They are helpful because of the following; there has been lack of enough traditional seed to be planted. This suggests that it will result to food shortage if the genetic foods are banned. The food shortage consequently results to increase of the cost of food which is already high. The high prices on the food are because of increase in demand and unfavorable weather changes. However, with genetic food, more food will be produced and the cost of food will instead go down. For instance, in US, the Agricultural Department has rein-stored the modified weed killer resistant sugar-beet because more than half of sugar produced in US has been genetically modified. There are also modified cotton and soya beans (Kilman and Tomson 10). Another benefit of genetic foods is that the crops are resistant to pests and viruses due to use of technology. Hence, food prices go down due to the continuous practice of large scale farming will be easy. For example in Europe, they have adopted genetic modification to reduce the high demand for wheat and avoid future shortages which can result to starvation (Pendrous 24). There has been

A review Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A review - Article Example She sheds light on the uneasy relationship of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and Second Language Acquisition (SAL) processes and gives an account of the present state of the art and points towards the new and challenging directions of SAL. Chapelle writes â€Å"The point of departure for this article is the dissimilarity between the theoretical landscape within view of language teaching professionals in 1991 and that of today†. (p.741)The pragmatic goal of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) developers and researchers to create and evaluate learning opportunities and a variety of theoretical approaches to second language acquisition (SLA) which have developed, are alternative beats of the same heart. The multiple theoretical perspectives grouped into four general approaches support this perspective as elucidated by Chapelle who writes: â€Å"Cognitive linguistic (Universal Grammar, autonomous induction theory, and the concept-oriented approach); psycholinguistic (processibility theory, input processing theory, interactionist theory); human learning (associative-cognitive CREED, skill acquisition theory); and language in social context (sociocultural, language socialization, conversation analysis, systemic-functional, complexity theory)† ( p.741). Technological advances and internet revolution and the resultant changes have necessitated modifications of communicative competitive theory and this has proffered a direct challenge to Second Language Acquisition (SLA). This theory lays much emphasis on natural talents and process through which a student undergoes, than in instructed SLA. As per this theory, the learning process goes on without the student being actively conscious of it. The process is just like the elementary command on the mother-tongue exercised by a child even before going to school and that process of self-education goes within the perimeters of the household and immediate

Oxfam coat Essay Example for Free

Oxfam coat Essay In the Oxfam coat, Anna Adams is able to elaborate with a dry irony the symbolism of a coat and all that it contains. In the unison of this frock, there is the hopefulness of expectation and the knowledge that very much it is a conceit towards a better life that is somehow illusory and never quite there. There is something so sturdy about this coat, but in its impoverished outline, there are thematic qualities which ring of an inevitable notion that more than one thing can be seen from it. In much of society and in judgement, clothes are one indicator of socioeconomic class and forms a classification of people, their preferences, and their prejudices, even. In the poem, the speaker seems to be in some ways, using this poem for knowledge. â€Å"I do not wear this coat to be admired,/not even to be seen; it is for seeing from. † Sometimes a person might wear a certain outfit to indicate a certain station in life. Just like during the Mardi Gras in Venice rich men sometimes dressed as beggars in tattered rags just to expose themselves to the expectations that are given to the poor. Also, in the Mark Twin story, â€Å"The Prince and the Pauper† all it takes for the prince and the pauper to switch places is a trading of clothes. That something so simple as donning a new frock, that something like this can give people new vantages is a commentary on a society that judges at times with the blink of an eye. In some ways, it seems like the speaker is trying to analogize her life to that of a farmers wife. Based on her sophisticated dialect and the advanced qualities of her grammar. It seems unlikely that she has been or was a farmers wife, it seems like even when wearing a shabby Oxfam coat. The analogy towards sacrifice and a sort of poverty, that is nevertheless good, a different lifestyle, history, and experience. The speaker, like the Prince in The Prince and the Pauper† cannot abandon the learning he has received. For when he draws the crown seal to prove his identity, he is proving himself despite the dirt on his face and the shabby misery of his appearance. When the speaker voices, â€Å"I am a walking look-out post, attired. † The word attired is by a dictionary denotation merely saying that she was wearing something which was not all too flattering. Like the paint on a walking look-out post is rarely glossy or shiny, but rather dull and worn, tired in a way in appearance. An apparatus of sorts in its rudimentary appeal and dignity regardless of the season, the hour or the time. Yet despite the adaptation of a literal denotation of attired, there is furthermore the connotation of being tired. The farmers wife is thought of to work tirelessly, without a murmur, watching out for all around her, a sturdy sediment against instability and working mightily to overcome the elements. While its certainly a bit insulting that the speaker seems to objectify the farmers wife. Comparing the frock to the deaf, dead-leaf look of camouflage and inconspicuous sight, there is evidently some derision in the admiration as well. â€Å"I am a walking look-out post, attired/in mist and dead-leaf coloured camouflage-a watchers hide, a property/advisible as poverty, as inconspicuous as middle-age. /it must have needed thirty years at least,/to reach this natural state and yet remain an artefact/that keeps me warm. To ditch it would be a waste. † The derision seems to be there, as theres the comparison of the worn coat to a natural state. It is not clear why thirty years of hard work and poverty ages a coat, that is symbolic of a toil-friendly farmers wife, to be a container for the poverty and overwork that is typically referred to rural scenes and states. In some ways, the naturalization of the farmers wife coincides with the objectification of the supposed farmers wife who is symbolized by the worn Oxfam coat. There is an organic, yet maturing or dead quality, of a kind of soulless duty as personified by the utility yet absence of personality of the illusion of a farmers wife vis a vis the Oxfam coat. â€Å"It cost me twenty pence. Good Harris cloth,/springy as heathers turf:/it has outworn the striding farmers wife/its cut suggests. Her scarecrow bones are earth. † The organic thematization is still present, as the omnipresent aspect of death and decay ares still there. That even this sturdy coat may have taxed the farmers wife who wore herself to the bones and is part of the earth as much as dead leaves melt into the dirt. The personification of this coat, in some ways serves to eclipse the deadness or gone quality of the farmers wife with its being as worn by someone else. Who cannot help thinking into the life and times of a farmers wife. However insulting or even mistaken it may be, undoubtably farmers wives lead hard lives but in some ways, we all do. That in fighting against organic matter, the endurability of good, sturdy cloth can preserve some aspects of feeling invulnerable but that people in the end, all melt into the earth. Perhaps the speaker is more than a bit sympathetically derogatory of the life and times of the farmers wife because she too, is stricken by a fear of death and being worn out. Possibly in moving the quality of being worn and an â€Å"artefact,† an outmoded cultural icon, there is an attempt to deal with the has been quality that is pervasive of many fields including that of poetry. Where a person may be a morning star one day, brilliant and admired, then thrown into the rubble the next day, exiled and socially excommunicated. In lending so much emotion, thought, and headlining grief to this Oxfam coat is perhaps a way to reconcile with the recyclability of not only leaves but people. That in a society which treasures the use of people for its own means, its in some senses hard for people to really express themselves. That in especially tough situations of environments there are so few choices to choose from and so few worlds to inhabit and wear. â€Å"It has outworn its power to startle birds/and has become a rough/looking-glass fibre stuff/chameleon, reflecting wintry woods. /that matted sheep-potential bale of wool/on knitting-needle legs-/sees me as sheep. Those twigs/sense me as bark-skinned tree if I stand still. † The use of people is at times so much changing as people are expected to objectify themselves in so many ways, that apart from a degeneration into the dirt caused by organic decay. People are expected to transform themselves from the natural to the created, just as wool is transformed by the knitting-needle into something like a sweater. The wool as fetched from the backs of sheep, sheared for warmth, is transformed in the shop by the needle to turn itself into something more that people can simply use. When the speaker wears this coat and feels that she may be more degraded and not regarded so well, looked upon as sheep. A vulnerable yet strong person who is fleeced or can be fleeced. That despite the almost insulting attitude towards the hardship of the farmers wife. The distancing yet empathy that is regenerated in this poem. That the speaker wears the pain and suffering of the farmers wife like a costume. That there is an idiosyncratic individuality which borrows from the uniformity of a farmers wife to converge into some medium point. There is still, an unavailability of true emotion or authentic sympathy, as to â€Å"travel incognito† as to â€Å"register on no mans retina. † Is a way of distancing oneself from a role, or even an affectation while still borrowing so much from it. Ultimately the farmers wife is much removed and only imagined, like some pastoral painting. In conclusion, we can only receive her secondhand, like the worn Oxfam coat, there but not there at the same time because life is never given to it in full.

Billy Bathegate by EL Doctorow Essay -- Essays Papers

Billy Bathegate by EL Doctorow Billy Bathgate is an important American novel in it’s portrayal of one young man’s evolution from boyhood to maturity. The novel is about a fifteen year old boy that gets taken under the wing of Dutch Schultz, a 1930’s gangster trying to keep a hold of his diminishing empire. As the novel unfolds, so does the rising maturity of the tough young man introduced to us as Billy Bathgate. Billy finds himself in situations that most of us never see in our whole life. In difference to the reactions that most people would have in these situations, Billy learns from them in order to better his role in the crime family. It is for these reasons that the young fifteen year old boy quickly develops into a man. Author Overview The novel was written in 1989 by a contemporaneous author named E. L. Doctorow. Doctorow was born in 1931 and fantasized about the 1930’s crime life as a child. He is an American novelist, short story writer, editor, essayist, as well as a dramatist. His works include Big as Life, The Book of Daniel, Ragtime, Loon Lake, World’s Fair, , Lives of the Poets: Six Stories and a Novella, a play entitled Drinks Before Dinner and of course his most recent work Billy Bathgate. Billy Bathgate is Doctorow’s most famous piece of literature. In fact, the book grasped so much attention that it was later made into a movie with an all star cast including Bruce Willis, Dustin Hoffman and Nicole Kidman. Although the film left out a lot of detail, as so many movies based on novels tend to do, it was interesting to see the elaborate detail given to the clothing, attitude, and backdrop that so accurately reflect the inner city Bronx in the 1930’s. Doctorow’s ex plicit, graphic detail show his almost fascination with crime and murder. He almost glamorizes the life of crime in Billy Bathgate. Critical Analisys Although Billy Bathgate was written quite recently, there is an influx of critical opinion reflecting the admiration of Doctorow’s artistry in literature. "Critics marveled at Doctorow’s vivid description of New York City in the 1930’s and of the horrific murders committed by Dutch and his gang."(CLC volume 65 Author Overview) "Billy Bathgate is intended as pure myth, a sort of Robin Hood for grown-ups. Other novels may be more psychologically subtle or emotionally resonant. But few of those ... ...sting novel that I have ever had the pleasure of reading. It is one of those novels that you just can not put down if you try. Billy Bathgate is a vital American novel in it’s portrayal of a boy’s journey to become a man. Bibliography: Bemrose, John. "Growing Up in Gangland." in Maclean’s Magazine. March 1989: 58-9. Vol. 102, No 12 Clifford, Andrew. "True-ish Crime Stories." in The Listener. September 1989: p.29. vol. 122, no. 3131. Eder, Richard. "Siege Perilous in the Court of Dutch Schultz." in Los Angeles Times Book Review. March 1989. p. 3. Kazin, Alfred. "Huck in the Bronx." in The New Republic. March 1989. Pp.40-2. Leonard, John. "Bye Bye Billy." in The Nation. April 1989. pp. 40-2. Vol. 200 no. 12 Pease, Donald E. "Billy Bathgate- a Review" America. May 1989. P. 458-59 Rubin, Merle. "Bathgate: Technique Surpasses Tale." The Christian Science Monitor. March 1989. p. 13 Rushdie, Salman. "Billy the Streetwise Kid." The Observer. September 1989. P.51 Tonkin, Boyd. "A Round Table Story." New Statesman & Society. September 1989. P. 37 Tyler, Anne. "An American Boy in Gangland." The New York Times Book Review. February 1989. P. 1, 46

Enzymes are important for food digestion Essay

Enzymes are protein molecules produced y the living cells as â€Å"instructed† by genes on the chromosomes. Enzymes referred to as biological catalyst – biological molecules that catalyze metabolic reactions. A catalyst is defined as an agent that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process (Burton, G. R. W. , 2004). Enzymes are important in digestion of food in our body because they act as the vehicle in the chemical reactions of breaking up the food elements. If the enzymes are not present in the digestion of the food, the energy of the chain reaction will face different problems such as acidity, diarrhea, bloating and burning sensation and it also helps strengthening the immunity of the body. There are different types of enzymes. These are metabolic enzyme, digestive enzyme and food enzyme. Metabolic enzymes are responsible for the destruction and removal of toxins in the body. Digestive enzymes are responsible for the digestion of food, absorption and the delivery of nutrients throughout the body and food enzymes enables the body to digest the food by breaking down the various nutrients and this enzyme are responsible for maintaining the optimal health. I will focus more on the digestive enzyme because it has an important role in the digestion and distribution of nutrients in the body. This enzyme can also help on the recovery of many diseases such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Crohns disease. There are 3 important enzymes for the digestion and these are protease which digests protein; amylase which digests carbohydrates and lipase which digests fat. The two groups of digestive enzyme are intrinsic and extrinsic digestive enzyme. The intrinsic digestive enzyme is naturally produced inside the body and secreted from several organs to break down foods. Salivary gland is the most common enzyme produced by the mouth and the gastric gland produced by the stomach. If you experienced burning sensation and bloating and always in need of antacids after eating a certain types of food, the most common reason for this is due to eating of highly processed or over cooked food. This is commonly called indigestible foods. This type of food has naturally occurring enzymes but some healthy nutrients have been removed. The foods that has no enzymes and indigestible is bad for your health. The enzymes will work with the help of other necessary nutrients called the co-factors such as vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids. In the absence of the co-factors of the enzymes, enzymes will have no activity. In some studies, it shows that the burning sensation you feel after eating a heavy meal like steaks, chickens, hamburgers and the like is because the digestive system demands more enzymes to digest them but if you eat raw type of food like fresh fruits and vegetables you will not feel any burning sensation because fresh vegetables and raw already contains lots of enzymes that digestion can be easier. We can eat any kind of foods that are rich in fat and sugars and our body will try to break it down by means of enzyme (Garcia, B. , n. d). To prevent the burning sensation, acidity and excessive gas, we should eat a natural raw kind of food and light cooked foods. Over cooked foods and processed destroys the enzymes that we need. Reheating the left over food at 47 degrees Celsius also destroys the enzyme that we need for digestion. The best way to have a good digestion is we should eat fresh fruit, steamed vegetables and dairy products to get plenty of digestive enzymes for easy digestion and absorption of nutrients in our body. If we are about to eat roasted meat, try to add some raw vegetables because it contains vegetable enzyme that will help for easy digestion. Eating this kind of food is very economical and it helps with digestion illnesses. Enzymes are important in our life. Without enzymes we easily get sick or acquire diseases. Lacks on enzyme in our body makes our blood dirty and dirty blood are the basis of acquiring diseases. One specific function of enzymes is to reduce and lighten the inflammation such as arthritis. We should always remember that the healthier that we eat, the longer we live. With the help of this enzymes other diseases or illnesses such constipation and gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD will be prevented. Proper nutrition and exercise is the key to a healthy life (Garcia, B, (n. d).. References: Burton, G. R. W. (2004). Biochemistry: The Chemistry of life. Goucher, J. (Ed. ), Microbiology for health sciences (p. 149). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Garcia, B. (n. d). How the Different Types of Enzymes Support the Process of Life. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? How-the-Different-Types-of-Enzymes-Support-the-Process-of-Life&id=291981 Garcia, B. (n. d). Enzymes: An overview. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? Enzymes:-An-Overview&id=275873

An Analysis Of The Reasons For The Commercial Success Of The The Hunger Games Movie - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1150 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Level High school Did you like this example? This essay will present an analysis of some of the reasons for the commercial success of the recent movie The Hunger Games a film that generated $155m in ticket sales in the US alone (LA Times, 2012). One of the key activities of the marketing function is to undertake environmental analysis in order to consider adaptations to the marketing mix which will ultimately lead to higher levels of profitability (Jobber, 2007). A key aspect which the success of The Hunger Games draws upon is a changing social dynamic within the external environment which has seen a preference of consumers for movies over books. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Analysis Of The Reasons For The Commercial Success Of The The Hunger Games Movie" essay for you Create order As such, it is argued that the success rate of many recent movies including The Hunger Games and other well known films such as the Harry Potter series have come from what is essentially a product adaption from book to motion picture, a conversion which better meets the needs of the consumer (LA Times, 2012). Other factors that may be seen as relating to the successes driven by considerations in the external environment relate to the timing of the release of the product. A well known definition of good marketing being the right product, in the right place at the right time (Brassington and Pettitt, 2006). In this case, Velasco (2012) argues that the timing of the release of the product was a crucial piece of marketing, in effect the March rollout seeing that The Hunger Games was released into a market which was largely devoid of competition with many competing major motion pictures not being due for release until the later summer period. Other theoretical considerations which a id ones understanding of the reasons for the commercial success of the hunger games may relate to customer segmentation and targeting (Kotler et al, 2009). In this case, sources compare the success of The Hunger Games to that of the Harry Potter series. Here it is indicated that The Hunger Games takes advantage of a broader approach to demographic segmentation than that of the Harry Potter films (LA Times, 2012). For instance, while the Harry Potter series has a very limited audience, namely children and those looking after them, The Hunger Games was marketed at a much broader demographic including the lucrative teenage segment. As such, a broader interpretation of the segmentation concept saw The Hunger Games simply having a wider audience to draw upon in the first place. Some sources have also indicated that in its current format as a motion picture, the film has downplayed the romantic aspects of the original book in an attempt to further widen the appeal to both male and female segments of the population (Velasco, 2012). Again this may be seen as a key reason for the success of the movie with an audience which is potentially twice as big in comparison to targeting only one gender group. Other sources in analysing the commercial success of the movie have considered the direct promotional elements of the marketing mix (Brassington and Pettit, 2006) most notably focusing upon contemporary forms of promotion such as social media advertising (Belch and Belch, 2009). In this case, Acuna (2012) argues that The Hunger Games has made use of the most comprehensive social media marketing campaign of any movie to date which has included a raft of activity on social networking sites such as Facebook and activity using other sources such as Tumbler and Twitter. Such activities are designed to effectively amplify the official messages transmitted by advertisers with advertising in the social media often resembling that of traditional word of mouth forms of marketing ( Yeshin, 2006). In analysing this element of the marketing mix, one may consider that the use of such promotional activities also links to the segmentation and targeting strategy as previously outlined. In this case, one may see that the teenage to early twenties target audience is also the audience which is most susceptible to social media and other forms of contemporary advertising. Other sources such as Reuters (2012) go further in assessing the impact of The Hunger Games online and social media marketing campaign. In this case there is a consideration that the marketing campaign on the behalf of The Hunger Games in the social media environment has been so large in scale and so successful that this will limit the amount of money future film producers spend on traditional advertising such as television advertising. Despite this success seen in the context of The Hunger Games, the article (Reuters, 2012) goes on to point out that such a tactic is far from risk free with the previ ous 2009 film Bruno suffering from bad-word-of-mouth reviews in the online social environment and damaging the credibility of the offer. Despite the use and success of contemporary forms of marketing such as online marketing and social media marketing, the films promoters have not neglected classical forms of promotional material with considerable effort being made to raise the profile of the movie through traditional paper based forms of advertising. In this case Acuna (2012) indicated that in the US 80,000 free posters for the film were handed out while another 3,000 billboard and bus shelter hoardings were paid for. All of these may be seen as key methods of raising the profile of a marketing offer in the context of an untargeted marketing audience (Yeshin, 2006). Having reviewed the evidence there is little doubt that the recent major motion picture The Hunger Games has been a commercial success and that furthermore, a large amount of this success has been due to positive marketing activities. However, the paper has also revealed that in order to create such a marketing success a whole range of activities and factors have had to be taken into account including environmental analysis, effective segmentation and the creation of an innovative marketing mix. If there is a single important factor to be derived from this paper then it is perhaps the need for contemporary marketers to truly understand the changing landscape of the promotional environment in which social media marketing may now be seen as a core area of focus moving forward. Bibliography Acuna, K. (2012). The Hunger Games by the numbers: 20 marketing tactics to ensure success. Available online at: https://www.businessinsider.com/the-hunger-games-box-office-debut-will-marketing-will-2012-3?op=1 [Accessed on 19/11/12]. Belch, G, E. Belch, M, A. (2009). Advertising and promotion. 8th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Brassington, F, Pettitt, S. (2006). Principals of marketing. 2nd ed. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. Jobber, D. (2007). Principles and practice of marketing. 5th ed. London: McGraw Hill. Kotler, P, Keller, K, L, Brady, M, Goodman, M, Hansen, T. (2009). Marketing management. Harlow: Pearson Education. LA Times. (2012). The hunger games: five lessons from its box office success. Available online at: https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/03/hunger-games-jennifer-lawrence-box-office-155-million.html [Accessed on 19/11/12]. Reuters. (2012). Hunger Games success spells trouble for TV ads. Available online at: https://in.reuters.com/article/2012/05/04/ hollywood-socialmedia-idINDEE8430EM20120504 [Accessed on 19/11/12]. Velasco, S. (2012). How The Hunger Games scored a marketing win. Available online at: https://www.csmonitor.com/Business/2012/0327/How-The-Hunger-Games-scored-a-marketing-win [Accessed on 19/11/12]. Yeshin, T. (2006). Advertising. Australia: South-Western.